Strawberry Cultivation Techniques

Among the berries, strawberries are the most commercially produced and consumed and their production and consumption are increasing in the world due to their enthusiastic aroma, taste, and biochemical properties. Strawberry is belonging to the genus Fragaria, from the family Rosaceae. It is indicated that the homeland of the strawberry is South America (Chile). It is well-known that people living in Asia, Europe, and America commonly use the wild F. vesca. In other regions such as Japan, North China and Manchuria, Europe-Siberia, and America there are different ecogeographic zones where alternative species are clustered. Despite its origins in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, F. ananassa is now grown all over the world. Strawberry is one of the most widespread berry species grown in almost every country including high altitudes of tropical regions, and subtropical and temperate areas. In this chapter, we aimed to offer new perspectives on the future of strawberry cultivation techniques by analyzing recent academic studies on strawberry production

A research on the detection of some phytochemical properties in the fruits of passiflora species

Passiflora belongs to the Passifloraceae family and is native to South Africa. Thanks to its health benefits, it is now commonly grown in tropical and subtropical regions. This fruit gathers attention, especially for its rich nutritional content, aroma, and taste. Passiflora has gained popularity in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, particularly in recent years. It stands out for its ease of maintenance, yielding twice a year, and high economic returns. Additionally, passiflora is used as an ornamental plant in landscaping arrangements by means of its showy flowers and is often referred to as the “passionflower” or “clock flower”. In this study, the fruits of P. edulis and P. caerulea species were examined for their phytochemical properties, such as DPPH, total phenol, sugar, and organic acid. DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐ picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate) and total phenol were analyzed using a spectrophotometric method, while sugar and organic acid were analyzed using HPLC

Determination of biochemical and pomological parameters in the fruits of different wolfberries (Lycium barbarum L., Lycium chinense Miller) grown species of ripening periods in Aksaray province.

TEZ11949Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019.Kaynakça (s. 129-139) var.xx, 141 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm.Kurt üzümü bitkisinin meyvesi, yaprakları, kökleri sağlıklı bir gıda olup, antikanserojen, antimutajen, antiaging özelliklerinden dolayı tıbbi amaçlı olarak insanlar tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç, Aksaray ili Kargın köyünde yetiştirilen Lycium barbarum (HZR1, HZR2, HZR3) ve Lycium chinense (M1 ALTUNİ) kurt üzümü türlerine ait genotiplerin yeşil, alaca, olgun, kuru dönemlerinde alınan meyve örneklerinde bazı pomolojik [meyve eni (mm), boyu (mm), meyve ağırlığı (g/100 meyve), SÇKM (%), renk] ve biyokimyasal [şeker, organik asit ve C vitamini (mg/100g)] içeriklerini HPLC (Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromotografisi) tekniği ile kalitatif ve kantitatif olarak belirlemektir. Olgun dönemde meyve ağırlığı en yüksek HZR1 genotipinde 84.49 (100 meyve/g), en yüksek meyve eni HZR1 genotipinde 11.98 mm, en yüksek meyve boyu ise HZR2 genotipinde 23.49 mm olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Renk özellikleri bakımından değerlendirildiğinde; olgun dönemdeki meyvelerde en yüksek L* değeri (40.13), en yüksek b değeri (56.55) ve en yüksek C değeri (65.51), en yüksek Hue° değeri (59.68) M1 ALTUNİ genotipinde, en yüksek a değeri (44.20) HZR1 genotipinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek SÇKM değeri % 42 HZR3 genotipinde belirlenmiştir. Kuru dönemde en yüksek titreedilebilir asit içeriği HZR2’de (% 1.35) olmuştur. Sonuç olarak tüm olgunlaşma dönemleri dikkate alındığında dane iriliği bakımından en yüksek HZR1, renk değerleri ve şeker içeriği bakımından en yüksek M1 ALTUNİ, organik asit içeriği bakımından ise hem dönem hem de genotipler arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır.The fruits, leaves of wolfberry is known as a healthy food. They have been consumed as a medicinal aromatic plant by people due to having properties of anticarcinogen, antimutagenic and antiaging. This study was aimed to determinate as qualitative and quantitative that some pomological and biochemical contents by HPLC in Aksaray province Kargın village, at the HZR Fidan AŞ’s plantation where is grown Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense species of genotypes have been collected in green, coloured, mature and samples of dried fruits. The highest grain fruit weight has been observed in HZR1 by 84.49 (g /100 fruits), the highest fruit width has been observed in HZR1 by 11.98 mm and the highest fruit length has been observed in HZR2 by 23.49 mm. The genotypes in terms of colour characteristics; in fruits in the mature period the highest L value (40.13), highest b value (56.55) and the highest C value (65.51), highest Hue value (59.68) M1 ALTUNI have been observed in genotypes, the highest a value has been observed in HZR1 by (44.20). The highest Brix value has been observed by 42.00 in HZR3.The highest value in titrable acidity has been observed during the dry period in HZR2 by (% 1.35). As a result, it was found that the highest HZR1 in terms of grain size, M1 ALTUNİ in terms of color, sugar content and significant differences between genotypes and in terms of organic acid content.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FYL-2018-11128

Evaluation of fruit characteristics of various organically-grown goji berry (Lycium barbarum L., Lycium chinense Miller) species during ripening stages.

The fruits of three Lycium barbarum genotypes (HZR1, HZR2, HZR3) and a Lycium chinense genotype (M1 ALTUN˙ I) harvested at various ripening stages (green, unripe, ripe) were compared based on some pomological properties (fruit length, width, weight, colour, total soluble solid content and titratable acidity) and chemical compounds (sugars, organic acids, vitamin C). Glucose was the predominant sugar followed by fructose and sucrose, respectively, except at the green maturation stage. The results suggest that the best results for all genotypes and ripening stages were provided by the M1 ALTUN˙ I genotype in terms of sugar contents. Succinic acid was the most abundant acid followed by citric and malic acid in all goji berry genotypes. If goji berry fruits are to be used for pharmacologic purposes, the most appropriate consumption stage is the green stage for organic acids and the dried stage for sugar, total soluble solids and L-ascorbic acid content

Potential of walnut (Juglans regia L.) nursery production and its economic importance in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae

In this study, data such as the total amount of nursery stock production in Turkey, walnut rootstock production (seedling rootstock), walnut nursery stock production per variety, number of certified nursery stock producers and distribution per province, number of producers with breeding blocks, walnut nursery stock export-imports and the amount of state funding per year have been statistically analyzed and the results provided. Data have been acquired from the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Plant Production. During the 2014-2016 period, the total certified and non-certified nursery stock production was 105,418,395 saplings. Apple plant production (30%) was followed by walnut plant production (16%) and grape plant production (11%). Looking at the distribution of walnut nursery enterprises per province, Balıkesir province was ranked first, Bursa province was ranked second, while Izmir province was ranked third. According to the General Directorate of Plant Production data, a total of 3,487,710 buds were used in walnut nursery stock production in Turkey during the 2014-2016 period. These consisted of Altınova-1, Bilecik, Şebin, Chandler, Fernette, Ferron, Franquette, Gültekin-1, Kaman 1, Kaplan-86, Maraş 18, Oğuzlar 77, Pedro, Sütyemez 1, Şen-1, Şen-2, Tokat-1, Yalova-1,Yalova-2, Yalova-3, Yalova-4 and Yavuz-1. During the 2005-2016 period, the amount of assistance provided for certified and non-certified walnut nursery stock production was TRY 100,785,48

A study on determining some of the yield and quality propertiesof Ürgüp Sarısı plum (Prunus domestica L.) grown under Nevsehir conditions.

This study has been conducted with the purpose of determining some yield and quality properties of Ürgüp Sarısı Plum (Prunus domestica L.) grown locally in Nev¸sehir’s Ürgüp district. Fruit samples have been acquired from a producer’s orchard reproduced through bud eye from various natural plantations in Ürgüp district. Trees have been planted with 6m× 6m intervals and are 7 years of age. The study has been conducted during the 2015–2016 period on randomized blocks experimental design with three recurrences and with five trees per recurrence. Fruit samples have been harvested in August 2016 and immediately transferred in ice boxes to Mersin Erdemli Alata Horticultural Research Institute Laboratories. They have been kept at 0°C until the time of analysis. Fruit samples have been subjected to analyses such as fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, seed weight, yield per tree, pulp hardness, fruit acidity, water soluble dry matter amount, fruit colour values (L*, a*, b*), antioxidant, total phenol, sugar contents (glucose, fructose, sucrose). Among the genotypes, U1 had the bulkiest fruit, U7 had the highest yield per tree, U8 had the brightest fruit colour, U3 had the closest colour to red and U8 had the highest tone of yellow. In plum genotypes, U4 had the highest amount of antioxidant, U2 contained the highest total phenol, vitamin C and fructose and U6 contained the highest glucose and sucrose. U7 has been observed to be noteworthy in terms of yield, while genotype, biochemical characteristics were noteworthy in U2, U4, U6 genotypes. In conclusion, considering all parameters reviewed in the study, it has been decided that U7, U6, and U2 genotypes could be promising under Nev¸sehir conditions

DETERMINING THE MACRO MICRO NUTRIENT ELEMENTS IN THE FRUITS OF SOME WOLFBERRY (Lycium barbarum, Lycium chinense) CULTIVAR GENOTYPES

Kurt üzümleri botanik olarak Solanaceae familyasında yer almakta olup, ticari olarak en yaygın türleri Lycium barbarum ve Lycium chinense’tir. Dünyada kurt üzümü meyvelerinin besin değerleri anlaşıldıktan sonra bu türe olan ilgi hızla artış göstermiştir. Kurt üzümü meyveleri insan sağlığı açısından önemli olan Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, gibi önemli mineral elementleri içermektedir. İçerdiği bu yararlı vitamin ve mineral elementler, fenolik bileşikler, anti–kanserojen, anti–mutajen özelliklere sahip olup,kurt üzümünün taze ve kurutulmuş meyveleri geleneksel Çin halk hekimliğinde 4.000 yıldır tıbbi bitki olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç, kurutulmuş kurt üzümü genotiplerinin meyvelerinde makro mikro element içeriklerini belirlemektir. Yapılan çalışmada makro elementlerinden N içeriği en yüksek genotip %2.40 ile HZR1, P içeriği en yüksek %0.35 ile M1 ALTUNİ, Ca içeriği en yüksek olan %0.41 ile HZR3, Mg içeriği %0.76 ile M1 ALTUNİ ve HZR1 genotipi olmuştur. Mikro elementlerinden ise en yüksek Fe içerikleri 119.27 mg kgKA⁻¹ ile M1 ALTUNİ, 117.89 mg kgKA⁻¹ ile HZR1, 113.89 mg kgKA⁻¹ile HZR2 genotiplerinde tespit edilmiştir. Zn içerikleri bakımından 37.02 mg kgKA⁻¹ ile HZR1, Cu içerikleri açısından 14.70 mg kgKA⁻¹ ile M1 ALTUNİ genotipleri ön plana çıkmıştır.Wolfberries are botanically from the Solanaceae family and the most commercially common types are Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense. Once the nutritional value of wolfberry fruits has been recognized, the interest towards this cultivar has risen rapidly. Wolfberry fruits contain important mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se, which are all highly valuable for human health. These beneficial vitamins, mineral elements and phenolic compounds contained in the fruit have anti– cancerogenic, anti–mutagen properties. The fresh and dried fruits of wolfberry have been used as a medical herb for the past 4.000 years in Chinese community medicine. The purpose of this study is to determine the macro micro element contents of dried wolfberry genotypes. The study has yielded that the genotype with the highest N content, of the macro elements, is HZR by 12.40%, the one with highest P content is M1 ALTUNİ by 0.35%, the one with highest Ca content is HZR3 by 0.41% and the ones with highest Mg content are M1 ALTUNİ and HZR1 genotypes by 0.76%. In terms of micro elements, the highest Fe contents have been observed in M1 ALTUNİ genotype by 119.27 mg kg d.w.⁻¹, HZR1 by 117.89 mg kg d.w.⁻¹ and HZR2 by 113.89 mg kg d.w.⁻¹. With regards to Zn contents, HZR1 was the leading one by 37.02 mg kg d.w.⁻¹ while M1 ALTUNİ genotype had the greatest Cu content by 14.70 mg kg d.w.⁻¹

Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment on Quality Properties of Japanese Plum Fruit (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. 'Angeleno') During Cold Storage

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and modified atmosphere (MAP) packaging on quality properties of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. 'Angeleno') during cold storage. The study comprised of six different applications as: (a) Control (b) 1-MCP, (c) MAP1, (d) MAP2, (e) 1-MCP + MAP1 and (f) 1-MCP + MAP2. 1-MCP was applied at the dose of 625 ppb at 2 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 24 h. The plum fruit were then stored at 90% relative humidity at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 60 days. Samples were taken at 20-day intervals and kept an additional 2 days under shelf-life conditions to carry out measurements and analyses. In MAP treatments, the weight loss was significantly reduced during cold storage of plum fruits. Changes in fruit flesh firmness, color and overall appearance during storage were more limited in plums packed in MAP and receiving 1-MCP treatment. The respiration rate, ethylene production and decay rate were lower in MAP packages or 1-MCP treatments than in control fruits. The results show that 'Angeleno' plum fruit can be stored successfully for 120 + 2 days when packed in MAP after 1-MCP treatment.AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) of the Ege University, Project No: 17-ZRF-004.Scientific Research Projects (BAP) of the Ege University [17-ZRF-004